Paul Industries performs corrosion assessment and remediation across Tennessee. A secondary refrigerant loop is usually the most metallurgically mixed system in a facility: steel pipework, copper coils, brass fittings, aluminium components and stainless steel, all in one circuit sharing one fluid. That is a galvanic arrangement held together entirely by the inhibitor package in the glycol, and when the inhibitor depletes, the system starts behaving like the battery it physically is.

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The arrangement Several dissimilar metals sharing one fluid circuit
What holds it together The inhibitor package, which is consumed in service
What fails first The least noble metal in the loop, usually aluminium or steel
The compounding effect Corrosion products circulate and attack elsewhere
Industrial power 6.21 cents/kWh, 0.76x the US average of 8.13 (EIA, 2024)
Reviewed September 2026, against current state code and EIA 2024 energy data

A closed loop is a circuit in more than one sense

Put dissimilar metals in electrical contact with a conductive fluid between them and you have a galvanic cell. In a glycol loop that is exactly the arrangement, and it is unavoidable because the components are made of what they are made of: coils in copper or aluminium, pipework in steel, fittings in brass, some equipment in stainless.

What prevents this from destroying the system is the inhibitor package, which forms protective films on the metal surfaces and suppresses the reactions. It works well, and it is consumed while working. As it depletes, protection weakens unevenly, and attack begins on the least noble metal present.

Two things then make it worse rather than simply continuing.

Corrosion products circulate. Unlike an open system where debris can settle out, a closed loop carries what it produces around with the fluid. Dissolved copper in particular is a problem: copper ions released at one point can deposit on aluminium or steel elsewhere, creating new galvanic couples in places that had none. A system with copper corrosion does not stay a copper problem.

Deposits foul heat transfer. The same circulating material settles on heat exchange surfaces, degrading performance progressively. The plant experiences that as declining capacity and frequently responds by running the system harder, which raises temperature, which accelerates the glycol degradation that started the whole sequence.

That feedback loop is why glycol system corrosion tends to be discovered late and then to be extensive. It develops without a single visible event until something leaks, and by then the fluid, several metals and the heat transfer surfaces are all involved.

Reading a glycol system problem

Evidence and what it indicates
EvidenceIndicatesAction
Falling pH on testInhibitor depleting; fluid turning acidicTreat or replace the fluid before damage
Dark or discoloured fluidDegradation and corrosion products in suspensionTest properly; do not judge by color alone
Declining heat transferDeposits on exchange surfacesInvestigate fluid before adding capacity
Leaks at multiple pointsAdvanced, system-wide attackAssess the whole loop, not the leak
Aluminium components failing firstClassic galvanic pattern with inhibitor goneFluid replacement and metallurgical review
Frequent topping upA leak, and dilution of what protection remainsFind the leak; stop diluting
Solution heating electricity at Tennessee’s 6.21 cents/kWh
Heating loadPer 8-hour treatmentPer 20 treatments
30 kW$14.90$298
60 kW$29.81$596
120 kW$59.62$1,192

What to do about it, and what passivation can contribute

The honest position is that the primary remedy for a glycol system is fluid management rather than surface treatment, and we would rather say that than sell a treatment that addresses a symptom.

Where testing shows the inhibitor depleting but no significant damage has occurred, the answer is to restore the fluid: either treat it by replenishing the inhibitor package, where the fluid is otherwise sound and the supplier supports it, or replace the charge. That is straightforward, it is cheap relative to the alternative, and it is what routine testing exists to enable.

Where damage has occurred, the loop needs cleaning before a new charge goes in, because putting fresh inhibited fluid into a system full of corrosion products consumes the new inhibitor rapidly on the debris rather than on protection. Flushing is part of the remedy rather than an optional extra.

Passivation has a genuine but bounded role. On the stainless components in the system, cleaning to ASTM A380 and passivating to ASTM A967 restores a proper passive film, and that is worthwhile where those components have been attacked or where fabrication left free iron or weld heat tint. It does nothing for the copper, aluminium or steel in the same loop, and it does not address the fluid. On a mixed-metal system, treating only the stainless is treating the part that was probably coping best.

So the sequence we recommend is: test the fluid, establish what has been damaged and where, clean the system, restore or replace the charge, treat the stainless surfaces where that is warranted, and then put a testing regime in place so the next cycle is managed rather than discovered.

Standards referenced: ASTM A380 · ASTM A967 · EIA electricity price data · ASME BPE

Frequently asked questions

Do you assess and remediate glycol system corrosion in Tennessee?

Yes, across Memphis, Nashville and statewide: fluid and system assessment, loop cleaning and flushing, passivation to ASTM A967 with cleaning per ASTM A380 on stainless components, and setting up a testing regime. We start with the fluid, because on these systems that is usually where the problem is.

Why do glycol loops corrode?

Because they contain several dissimilar metals sharing one conductive fluid, which is a galvanic arrangement. What prevents it destroying the system is the inhibitor package forming protective films, and the inhibitor is consumed while doing that job. As it depletes, attack begins on the least noble metal present.

Why does it spread?

Because a closed loop circulates what it produces. Dissolved copper released at one point can deposit on aluminium or steel elsewhere, creating new galvanic couples where none existed. A system with copper corrosion does not remain a copper problem, which is why these failures tend to be system-wide by the time they are found.

Our heat transfer is declining. Is that related?

Very possibly. Circulating corrosion products deposit on heat exchange surfaces and degrade performance progressively. The unhelpful response is running the system harder, which raises temperature and accelerates the glycol degradation that started the sequence. Test the fluid before adding capacity.

Can the fluid be treated rather than replaced?

Where testing shows the inhibitor depleting but the fluid is otherwise sound and the supplier supports replenishment, yes, and it is much cheaper than replacement. That option is only available if you find out early, which is the practical argument for routine testing rather than waiting for a symptom.

Do we need to flush before recharging?

Where damage has occurred, yes. Putting fresh inhibited fluid into a system full of corrosion products consumes the new inhibitor rapidly on the debris rather than on protection, so the new charge fails early. Flushing is part of the remedy rather than an optional extra.

Will passivation fix it?

Only the stainless part, which is usually the part coping best. Cleaning to ASTM A380 and passivating to ASTM A967 restores a proper passive film on stainless components and is worthwhile where they have been attacked or carry free iron or weld heat tint. It does nothing for copper, aluminium or steel in the same loop, and nothing for the fluid.

Which metal usually fails first?

The least noble one present, which in most glycol loops means aluminium components or steel pipework. Aluminium failing first in a mixed loop with depleted inhibitor is the classic pattern, and it is worth recognizing because it points at the fluid rather than at the component that failed.

Does Tennessee energy cost affect this work?

Barely for the work itself. It has an indirect bearing: cheap power at 6.21 cents per kilowatt-hour against a national average of 8.13 (EIA, 2024) makes it easier to compensate for declining heat transfer by running harder, which masks the underlying fluid problem for longer and makes the eventual damage worse.

How do I get a quote for Tennessee glycol system work?

Use the form on this page or call 201-450-8280. Useful inputs are the loop volume, which metals are present, the most recent fluid test results and when they were taken, where leaks or damage have appeared, and whether heat transfer performance has been declining.

Why is mixed metallurgy such a problem here?

A secondary loop typically contains steel pipework, copper coils and fittings, brass or bronze components, stainless heat exchangers and sometimes aluminium, all in one conductive fluid. That is a set of galvanic couples held in solution, and once the inhibitors fail each one becomes active.

Is aluminium a particular concern?

It is, because aluminium requires an inhibitor package formulated for it and is attacked rapidly by packages that are not. A loop containing aluminium components charged with a fluid inhibited for ferrous and copper metals can lose those components quickly, and the substitution is often made without anyone checking.

Why does the problem spread?

Because corrosion products circulate. Once metal is being attacked anywhere, the debris travels, deposits in heat exchangers and low-velocity regions, and creates under-deposit conditions that initiate corrosion in places that were previously sound. A local problem becomes a system problem through the fluid.

Does velocity affect the corrosion?

It does at both ends. Low velocity allows deposits to settle and creates under-deposit attack, and excessive velocity in copper components causes erosion-corrosion that strips the protective film mechanically. Loops modified over the years frequently end up with both conditions in different branches.

Do glycol loops have dead legs?

They do, wherever a branch has been isolated or a circuit decommissioned without removal, and those sections hold stagnant degraded fluid that exchanges slowly with the rest. They are also the places where sampling gives a misleading picture, in either direction.

How is the flush verified?

By the condition of the flush water at the end, by inspecting strainers and filters for the debris they collect, and where the system has been badly affected, by opening a heat exchanger to see the surfaces. A flush judged complete by volume rather than by result frequently leaves deposits in place.

What inhibitor package should the recharge use?

One formulated for every metal in the loop, which requires knowing what those metals are, including components added over the years. The most common recharge error is selecting a fluid on glycol type and concentration alone without confirming the inhibitor package suits the system’s actual metallurgy.

Can we prevent this entirely?

Largely, through a closed system that does not draw in air, treated makeup water, a correctly matched inhibitor package, and annual testing that catches inhibitor depletion before the pH falls. The cost of that programme is trivial against a recharge and heat exchanger replacement.

How is the system protected after a recharge?

By testing at intervals from the start, so that the depletion rate for that system is known rather than assumed, and by correcting the conditions that caused the previous failure. Recharging without addressing air ingress or makeup water quality simply restarts the same clock.

What does a leak indicate beyond the loss?

That air is entering wherever the system runs below atmospheric pressure, and that makeup water is being added, both of which accelerate degradation. A loop with a chronic small leak degrades far faster than a sealed one, so leak repair is fluid life protection rather than a housekeeping matter.

Should heat exchangers be opened for inspection?

Where performance has declined or the fluid has been degraded, yes, because that is where deposits concentrate and where the consequence of fouling is felt. Opening a plate pack is the only way to see whether a flush achieved anything in the place it mattered most.

What records make this manageable?

Fluid test results trended over time, makeup volumes, the metallurgy of the loop including later modifications, the inhibitor package in use, and the history of flushes and recharges. Plants with that record manage the fluid; plants without it replace equipment and wonder why.

Should the loop be filtered permanently?

A side-stream filter is inexpensive and catches the particulate that otherwise abrades seals and fouls exchangers, and it also acts as an indicator: what it collects tells you whether corrosion is active. It is one of the few maintenance items on a secondary loop that pays for itself repeatedly.

Does the loop need a corrosion coupon?

Coupons installed in a flowing section give a direct measure of attack rate on the metals of interest and are far cheaper than discovering the rate through a failure. They suit systems where the metallurgy is mixed and the history is unknown, which describes most older secondary loops.

What is the first thing to do on an unknown loop?

Test the fluid and establish what metals are in the system, because every subsequent decision depends on those two facts. Recharging, treating or flushing without knowing the metallurgy and the fluid’s condition is how the wrong inhibitor package gets installed in a system that then fails faster.

Can citric passivation be circulated through a glycol loop?

Not through the whole loop. A secondary refrigerant system contains copper, brass and aluminium alongside steel, and citric acid attacks several of those. Any passivation on a mixed-metal system is done on isolated stainless sections with the dissimilar components removed or valved out, which is a very different job from circulating a water loop.

What actually protects a mixed-metal glycol system if not citric passivation?

Inhibitor package management. The corrosion control in a glycol loop is chemical treatment monitored and topped up on a schedule, not a surface treatment. Depleted inhibitor is the root cause on most of these systems, and passivation of the stainless portion does nothing for the copper and aluminium that are failing.

Corrosion in a Tennessee glycol system?

Send your most recent fluid test results and tell us where damage has appeared. Call 201-450-8280 or use the form below.

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